xix, 412 pages : 25 cm

Industrial ecology, like biological ecology, has as its focus the cycling of resources rather than their extraction and eventual discard following use. The sustainable development of the planet is, in fact, dependent on achieving such cycling, and corporations, customers, and governments are turning from "end-of-pipe" thinking to forward-looking approaches to product and process design. To help today's as well as tomorrow's engineers be part of these developments, this timely volume offers an introduction to this rapidly evolving field

Topics include the following: Technology and Industry: History and Recent Trends; A Survey of Environmental Concerns; An Overview of Risk Assessment; Relationships of Society to Industry and Development; Governments, Laws, and Economics; Budgets and Cycles; An Introduction to Life-Cycle Assessment; Process and Product Audits: LCA's Impact Assessment Stage; The Materials and Process Audit for Electronic Solders and Alternatives: A Detailed Case Study; Industrial Design of Processes and Products; Designing for Energy Efficiency; Industrial Process Residuals: Composition and Minimization; Choosing Materials; Product Packaging, Transport, and Installation; Enviornmental Interactions During Product Use; and Design for Recycling

At head of title: AT & T

Includes bibliographical references and index

HUMANITY AND ENVIRONMENT: The master equation -- Industrial ecology: the concept -- Linking industrial ecology and environmental science -- TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY: HISTORY AND RECENT TRENDS: The beginnings of industrial activity -- The industrial revolution -- Modern industrial operations -- State of development and quality of life -- Trends in technology -- Technology-environment interactions -- The evolving development environment relationship -- A SURVEY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS: Global scale concerns -- Regional scale concerns -- Local scale concerns -- AN OVERVIEW OF RISK ASSESSMENT: Uncertainty and risk -- Types of environmental risk -- Risk assessment -- Risk management -- RELATIONSHIPS OF SOCIETY TO INDUSTRY AND DEVELOPMENT: Wants and needs: the driving factor -- Society and sustainable development -- Implications for the corporation -- Options for technology-society relationships -- GOVERNMENTS, LAWS, AND ECONOMICS: Governmental structures and actions -- Interjurisdictional considerations -- Industrial ecology and the legal system -- Economics and industrial ecology -- Implications for the corporation -- BUDGETS AND CYCLES: Industrial ecology: a systems description -- The budget concept -- Quantitative measures of an ecology cycle -- Time scales in budget and cycle analysis -- Nature's global budgets and cycles --

AN INTRODUCTION TO LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT: Industrial ecology comparisons of individual designs and processes -- The industrial ecology flow cycle -- The scoping process -- Stages of life-cycle assessment -- PROCESS AND PRODUCT AUDITS: LCA's INVENTORY ANALYSIS STAGE: Approaches to data acquisition -- Process and product budgets -- The matrix concept for materials and process audits -- An approach to the product inventory -- Auditing by life stage -- Auditing by environmental concern -- PERTURBING NATURE'S BUDGETS AND CYCLES: Ensemble industrial materials flows -- Industry budgets -- Cradle-to-grave budgets and cycles -- Industrial perturbations to natural budgets -- The evolution of industrial materials use -- PRIORITIZING OPTIONS: LCA's IMPACT-ASSESSMENT STAGE: LCA impact assessment -- The EPA science advisory committee -- Qualitative linking of sources and impacts -- Quantitative prioritization from the environmental perspective -- Industrial prioritization: the netherlands VNCI system -- Industrial prioritization: The IVL/Volvo EPS system -- Abridged and expert systems impact assessments -- ALCA matrix manipulation -- Implementing impact prioritization in industrial ecology -- THE MATERIALS AND PROCESS AUDIT FOR ELECTRONIC SOLDERS AND ALTERNATIVES: A DETAILED CASE STUDY: DFE analysis of lead solder in printed wiring board assembly -- From assessment to plans --

INDUSTRIAL DESIGN OF PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS: Modern approaches to industrial process design -- Modern approaches to industrial product design -- DESIGNING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY: Energy and industry -- Primary processing industries -- Intermediate processing industries -- Analyzing energy use -- General approaches to minimizing energy use -- INDUSTRIAL PROCESS RESIDUES: COMPOSITION AND MINIMIZATION: On emissions and effluents -- Generation oflndustrial solid residues -- Dealing with industrial solid residues -- Generation of industrial liquid residues -- Dealing with industrial liquid residues -- Dealing with industrial gaseous residues -- Auditing and minimizing process residues -- Treatment oflndustrial liquid residues -- CHOOSING MATERIALS: Global resources limitations for materials -- Impacts of materials extraction -- Availability and suitability of postconsumer recycled materials -- Minimizing materials use -- Toxicity of chemicals -- Materials selection recommendations -- PRODUCT PACKAGING, TRANSPORT, AND INSTALLATION: General considerations -- Solid residue considerations -- Liquid- and gaseous-emission considerations -- Transportation -- Installation -- ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS DURING PRODUCT USE: Solid-residue generation during product use -- Liquid-residue generation during product use -- Gaseous-residue generation during product use -- Energy consumption during product use -- Intentionally dissipative products -- Unintentionally dissipative products -- Design for maintainability --

DESIGN FOR RECYCLING: Remanufacturing -- Recycling metals -- Recycling of plastics -- Recycling forest products -- Fastening parts together -- Planning for recyclability -- THE IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, AND FACILITIES: The improvement analysis stage of life-cycle assessment -- Efficient assessment tools -- Limitations and benefits of improvement analysis -- ORGANIZATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS: The benefits of eco-efficiency -- Information flow into corporations -- Corporate-response strategies -- Phasing-in industrial ecology -- The changing structure of demand -- Mechanisms for industrial ecology management -- Business initiatives -- STANDARDS AND STIMULI: International standards organization (ISO) activities -- United Nations activities -- International electrotechnical commission (IEC) activities -- Labeling programs -- SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS AND WANTS: THE FUTURE OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY: Dematerialization -- New enabling technologies -- The ecologically planned city -- Trends for the twenty-first century

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